Breast cancer: conservative surgery, IMRT and targeted therapy

Breast cancer treatment has shifted towards maximum tissue conservation and genomic tumour profiling. There is no single protocol today: the biological subtype (hormone receptors, HER2, proliferation index) determines the sequence and type of treatment more than tumour size alone.

International protocols combine lumpectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy, followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) that minimises damage to adjacent heart and lung tissue. Depending on receptor overexpression, monoclonal antibodies, targeted therapy, hormone therapy or chemotherapy are added, often before surgery to shrink the tumour.

Five-year overall survival exceeds 90% in early localised stages. Inherent risks include anthracycline cardiac toxicity, taxane neuropathy and lymphoedema after axillary dissection, now far less frequent thanks to sentinel node techniques. Cancer care demands continuity: coordination with your home team is not optional.

The United States leads oncology innovation with world reference centres. Germany and Spain host European centres of excellence with fast access to new molecules and clinical trials. Turkey offers JCI-accredited oncology protocols with international affiliations at substantially lower prices. The range is EUR 10,000 to 35,000 and stays are measured in weeks.

At medviajes we help compare accredited centres, transfer reports and imaging, and organise the stay, a companion and follow-up with your oncologist. Treatment decisions must always be made with a qualified oncology team.